The Science of Reading
How do we learn to learn?
Studies on Neural Networks Required for Reading
When a child is taught how to read, neural networks that have evolved to specialise in language and visual recognition are re-purposed for the process of reading and writing (Dehaene 2010; Snow 2021). Reading must be explicitly and systematically taught in a structured way.
Australia’s national education evidence body Access August 26, 2023
…. whereas reading, while closely associated with speaking, is primarily a cultural invention of the last 6,000 years, which requires repetition and external motivation to be mastered (Geary 2008; Sweller 2008)
Australia’s national education evidence body Access August 26, 2023
When a child is taught how to read, neural networks that have evolved to specialise in language and visual recognition are re-purposed for the process of reading and writing (Dehaene 2010; Snow 2021).
Australia’s national education evidence body Access August 26, 2023
My Observations
As a tutor in reading and writing for over ten years, I’ve observed that students fail academically primarily by being poor readers who are not able to easily or quickly learn for the following reasons:
They have not developed sufficient neural networks to be able to add new concepts, vocabulary, and ideas to their repertoire of information via text, written documents, and books.
Concepts have to be orally explained and demonstrated.
They need an incredible amount of oral repetition to grasp ideas.
Writing summaries, contrast-compare, or persuasive essays is extremely difficult or impossible.
Understanding basic grammar concepts of complete sentences requires a tremendous amount of repetition.
Reading is difficult, and they block attempts for assistance because it reaffirms their belief that they are not capable.
They do not read simpler books because they can’t or will not look for them at their library.
I have found success with reluctant readers when the font size and white space increase on a page. If a book has tiny texts, it makes it harder for a struggling reader’s eyes to focus.
Most people do one understand the Lexile system of classifying books by reading level, vocabulary, and interest.
Public libraries arrange their books by the Dewy Decimal System. This system organizes information by topic. A challenged reader would many times find this system challenging.
Public Libraries have librarians who are dedicated to children’s literature. They are not able to direct challenged students to reading-level material.
Most of the books recommended via the Lexile system are Corporations that sell children's books. Students are generally not motivated by these types of books or reading worksheets.
It’s hard for students to find books they enjoy. Their friends are usually reading popular children’s literature that is 2+ levels below their reading level and believe they are good readers for reading a “book.”
Once a student reads pop fiction, it is very hard for them to read Classic Literature, science, or history textbooks.
Common Core Objects
There is a huge disconnect between what students can do and where they should be.
Reading is Time-Consuming
Students who read aloud in groups make progress.
Students who read aloud and enjoy the journey make incredible progress.
Students need a guide and roadmap to be successful. It’s very important that the path is systematic for their learning.
What’s the Answer? Learning How to Learn
It’s critical for our students to read well and be able to express themselves effectively.
To do this in a simple and cost-effective way, online reading is the most cost-effective way forward. Keeping students engaged will always be a problem, but if they enjoy the process, it may change their lives and the lives of their families and communities.
If your students know how to learn, they will be ready for the future.
